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Guadeloupe

Views Views: 1,012
Last updated Last updated: Dec 4, 2021

Page

Sub-pages:
- La Désirade
- Marie-Galante
Guadeloupe

Vegetation:

List of unique and visibly different ecosystems:

Coastal growth (not on map)

Characteristic plants: Cocos nucifera (Cocotier), Thespesia populnea (Catalpa), Coccoloba uvifera (Raisinier bord de mer),

Ground cover: mix of beach and next-inland forest biome.

River catchment valleys on windward side (Vallées du versant sous le vent)

Ground cover: Riverbeds littered with stone.

Semi-deciduos dry forest (forêt xérophile/ semi-decidue)

Altitude: 3 - 300 m. Rainfall <2m / year. 3 months of dryness, many plants lose leaves.
Characteristic plants: Trees - Bursera simaruba (Gommier rouge), Haematoxylon campechianum (Campêche), bois d'inde, figuier maudit, Tabebuia heterophylla (Poirier pays), Lonchocarpus punctatus (bois savonnette).

Shrubs - monval, acacia savane, bois chandelle, bois de houx, canelle à puces, picanier, farine chaude, tibaume, mille fleurs.
Grasses - herbes coupantes, herbes à cors, fougères. Cactii - Pilosocereus nobilis, Melocactus intortus.
Lianas - liane à ravets, griffe chatte, liseron bleu. Flowers - orchids.
Ground cover: ---
Subtypes, based on soil type:
Semi-deciduous forest on volcanic soil (Forêt semi-decidue sur terrain volcanique)

characteristic plants:
Pisonia subcordata (Mapou Gris)
Guaiacum officinale (Gayak)

Evergreen medium-wet forest (forêt mésophyle / Etage de forêt sempervirente (zone saisonière))

Altitude: up to 100 m on leeward side, 250-500 m on windward side.
Characteristic plants:
Subtypes, based on soil type:
Evergreen forest floor (Coast of Capesterre) (Etage de forêt sempervirente (littorale de Capesterre))

Wet tropical forest (forêt ombrophile /hygrophile)

Altitude: 100-600 m on leeward side, 500-900 m on windward side.
Rainfall: 3 - 5 m. / year.
Characteristic plants: Trees - Sloanea dentata (Châtaignier grandes feuilles), Dacryodes excelsa (Gommier blanc), Bois Rivière, Cecropia scheberiana (Bois canon), Sloanea caribaea (Acomat boucan), Amanoa caribaea (Bois rouge carapate), Symphonia globulifera (Palétuviers jaune), Sterculia caribaea (Mapou baril), Richeria grandis (Marbri), Tapura latifolia (Bois côte noir), Chimarrhis cymosa (Résolu), Talauma dodecapetala (Magnolia), Byrsonima trinitensis ( Mauricif montagne), Podocarpus coriaceus (Laurier rose montagne), Wercklea tulipiflora (Gombo grand bois), Guatteria caribaea (Corossol montagne). Shrubs - Prestoea acuminata var.montana (Palmiste), Palicourea crocea (Bois foufou), Phyllanthus mimosoides (Fougère bâtarde), Psychotria urbaniana (Graine bleue), Côtelette grandes feuilles (Graffenriedia latifolia). Herbs - Heliconia bihai/caribeae (Balisier), Lobelia persicifolia (Herbe poison), Nautilocalys mellitifolius (Herbe à miel), Scleria latifolia (Herbe couteau), Pilea nummulariaefolia (Petite teigne ronde). Ferns - Nephrolepis multiflora (Fougère), Blechnum volubile, Lindsaea lancea, Thelypteris reticulata, Cyathea arborea, Cyathea muricata. Lianas - Marcgravia umbellata ( Bois couilles - José), Alloplectus cristatus (Crête à coq), Asplundia rigida (Aile à mouche), Philodendron giganteum ( Siguine blanche), Anthurium hookeri ( Siguine rouge), Glomeropitcairnia penduliflora (Ananas grand bois), Hillia parasitica (Jasmin bois),
Ground Cover: dead leaves and roots.

Transitional highland forest: (fourés/ bas fourés)

Altitude: 600-850 on leeward side, 900-1160 m on windward side.
Rainfall: high.
Characteristic plants: Trees - Podocarpus coriaceus (Laurier rose montagne), Byrsonima trinitensis ( Mauricif montagne), Richeria grandis (Marbri), Prestoea acuminata var.montana (Palmiste). Shrubs - Fraisier, Pois doux montagne , Mangles montagne , Trompette à canon, Olivier montagne, Bois guillaume, Bois côtelette montagne, Grande violette, Fuchsia montagne, José vrai. Herbs - Lobelia, Lis jaune des hauts, Herbe à miel, Calumet bambou lianoides.
Ground Cover: mix of highland savannah and wet forest.

Highland Savannah: (region abritée / region sommitale)

Altitude: 850 m on leeward side, 1160 m on windward side.
Rainfall: So high it's permanently in clouds.
Characteristic plants: Shrubs - Bois siffleur, Thym montagne. Herbs - Ortie montagne, Jonc, Ananas montagne jaune ou rouge, Siguine blanche. Orchids - Epidendrum patens and dendroboïdes, Brachionidium sherrigii.

Mangrove

Salinity: 20-35 ‰
Characteristic plants: Rhizophora mangle (Palétuviers rouges).
Ground Cover: mud and roots.

Swamp (Marais)

Salinity: 5-20 ‰
Characteristic plants: Rhizophora mangle (Palétuvier rouge), Avicennia germinans (Palétuvier noir), Languncula racemosa (Palétuvier blanc).
Ground Cover: same as mangrove

Marshy forest (Forêt marécageuse)

Characteristic plants: Pterocarpus officinalis (Mangles médaille). Also epiphytes, lianas and ferns.
Ground Cover: rainforest mixed with mangrove

Geology:

Guadeloupe

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